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Guide

US multi-entity and multi-currency ERP set-up

Several legal entities, foreign subsidiaries and USD reporting. One official rule is summarised and the open questions are listed.

What the official sources say

  • US dollar reporting and foreign currency translation

    Internal Revenue Service Verified 2026-11-06

    Amounts on a US tax return must be in US dollars, so foreign currency income and expenses are translated. The dollar is the functional currency for all taxpayers except some qualified business units, and items are translated at the rate when received, paid or accrued.

    Source: www.irs.gov

  • Physical presence still requires registration

    Streamlined Sales Tax Governing Board Verified 2026-11-06

    A seller with a physical presence in a state is not a remote seller and must register there regardless of the amount of sales. The Wayfair decision did not change that obligation, so the seller checks with the state.

    Source: www.streamlinedsalestax.org, www.streamlinedsalestax.org

  • Registration and returns are per state

    Streamlined Sales Tax Governing Board Verified 2026-11-06

    A remote seller is responsible for collecting and remitting tax from its registration date and for filing returns in each state it registers in. One no-fee application through the SST Registration System covers the Streamlined member states only.

    Source: www.streamlinedsalestax.org

A summary for orientation only. It is not legal advice.

What the platforms offer

ERPNext

Runs several companies, currencies and branches in one instance with shared masters, inter-company transactions and consolidated financial reporting. Each company can have its own configuration.

  • Multi-company in the standard product
  • Multi-currency accounting

Odoo

Odoo Enterprise runs several subsidiaries or branches from one database, with inter-company transactions, consolidated reporting and multi-currency accounting. Multi-Company is listed on the Enterprise Custom plan.

  • Inter-company transactions
  • Check the plan includes Multi-Company

SAP S/4HANA

Finance and Controlling covers real-time accounting, cost centres, profitability analysis and group consolidation, and projects can span several countries with country-specific tax and statutory reporting.

  • Group consolidation in FI/CO
  • Country-specific tax and reporting

A decision log, whatever the platform

Write down the entity structure, the currency of each company, the exchange rate source and the revaluation routine. Your auditor and CPA should sign these before migration.

  • Entity and currency table
  • Exchange rate policy

What this guide does not cover

  • Consolidation rules

    No government source was found for consolidation or intercompany accounting rules. Ask your auditor.

  • Taxability of services

    State taxability of software and IT services was not sourced. Ask your adviser.

  • Payments abroad

    Forms and withholding for payees outside the United States were not sourced.

  • ERPNext for US companies

    Multi-company books and USD reporting.

  • Odoo for US companies

    Multi-company accounting with consolidated reporting.

  • SAP for US groups

    Group consolidation and multi-country projects.

Multi-entity questions

Does an ERP decide my functional currency?

No. The IRS says the dollar is the functional currency for all taxpayers except some qualified business units, and that choice follows the rules on its page. Your tax adviser decides, and we configure currencies and rates to match.

Can we keep a subsidiary in its own currency?

ERPNext, Odoo and SAP S/4HANA all support multi-currency accounting in the setups described on their pages. We agree the company currency, the rate source and the reporting currency in writing before any data is migrated.

Which accounting rules apply to consolidation?

We did not find a government source for this, so we do not state rules here. Your auditor or CPA tells us what applies, and we then configure the consolidation reports to that instruction and document them.

Plan your entity and currency set-up

Free consultation. Write to us or book a call.